Compare and contrast positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, and explain how these may both be caused by hypofrontality.
What will be an ideal response?
Positive symptoms represent additions to normal behaviors. Hallucinations are perceptions that occur in the absence of a sensory stimulus. Delusions are incorrect beliefs that are resistant to change. Negative symptoms are represented by behaviors that are missing, such as poverty of speech or flattened emotional response. Overactivity of the dopamine system is thought to play a key role in the production of positive symptoms. Antipsychotic drugs block dopamine receptors, and stimulation of dopamine results in positive symptoms. Negative symptoms are also seen after brain trauma, and it appears that degeneration/loss of brain neurons occurs in schizophrenia. Hypofrontality that is responsible for negative symptoms may also cause positive symptoms because the dlPFC normally has inhibitory control over the mesolimbic pathway. In hypofrontality, this control is diminished, resulting in increased activity in the mesolimbic pathway.
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A. Tenth grade late-maturing girls B. Late-maturing boys who are shorter and weigh less than their peers C. Late-maturing boys who speak with a high-pitched voice D. Seventh grade late-maturing girls
Characteristics associated with development or organs and structures of the body directly involved in reproduction are the ________ sexual characteristics
Fill in the blank with correct word.
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a. amphetamine b. cocaine c. barbiturates d. all of the above e. amphetamine and cocaine only
Which of the following best describes the underlying reason for the idea that positive psychology needs to be more attentive to specific interpretations of strengths?
A. Knowing specific interpretations helps researchers understand which interpretation is superior. B. The definitions of strengths and virtues can be passed on to all citizens to increase multicultural competence. C. An understanding of virtues allows researchers to know which society is lacking in the development of psychological strengths. D. The meanings of strengths and virtues can be drastically different between cultures, and these differences are typically unexplored.