Which of the following bacteria is responsible for the most common bacterial gastroenteritis in the United States, usually accompanied by frequent, bloody diarrhea?
A) Borrelia recurrentis
B) Campylobacter jejuni
C) Chlamydophila pneumoniae
D) Vibrio cholerae
E) Vibrio vulnificus
B
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Explain how using a combination of two antimicrobial drugs helps prevent the development of spontaneously resistant mutants
A. All drugs work synergistically with each other-that is, their combined effects are far greater than either could achieve individually. Two drugs together helps to eliminate microbes, even if they have developed spontaneous mutations that would confer upon them resistance to the drugs. B. It is highly unlikely that the microbe might spontaneously develop two specific mutations to resist the effects of a pair of drugs. As such, even if one drug is resisted by the microbe, the second drug will eliminate the mutated microbe, thus preventing the development of spontaneously resistant mutants overall. C. All drugs work antagonistically with each other-that is, their combined effects are far greater than either could achieve individually. Two drugs together helps to eliminate microbes, even if they have developed spontaneous mutations that would confer upon them resistance to the drugs. D. Drugs can also select for mutations that will enhance the activity of another drug. So, each of the paired drugs will help to select for spontaneous mutations that enhance the activity of the other drug in the pair.
During visual perception, signal integration and processing begins in the ________
a. cone cells b. rod cells c. cornea d. fovea e. retina
What process accounts for the amount of radiant energy reaching the earth's surface to decrease with increasing latitudes?
a. Atmospheric adsorption b. Atmospheric absorption c. Atmospheric pressure d. Atmospheric density
Why would gene duplication events, such as those seen in the Hox gene complex, set the stage for adaptive radiation?
A) There are more copies of genes, meaning speciation had occurred by polyploidy. B) The original gene copy is the outgroup, and the new gene copies are the adaptive radiation. C) Without duplicated genes, species would be vulnerable to extinction. D) One copy of a gene can perform the original function, while other copies are available to take on new functions.