Name and describe the three transitional adaptations of members of the Ojibwa tribe that have been identified and associated with increasingly acculturated lifestyles. Is it assumed that these transitions may be typical of other native groups?

Answer 1

Three transitional adaptations of members of the Ojibwa (also called Chippewa) tribe, identified by three different lifestyles, may serve as a model for the adaptations made by members of other Native American groups. The first stage of adaptation is traditional; during this stage parents and grandparents speak the Ojibwa language at home, practice the Midewiwin religion, and participate in Native American cultural activities such as feasts and pow-wows. The second stage is more acculturated. English is the primary language, although some Ojibwa also is spoken. Catholicism is the preferred religion, and the family is involved in activities of the majority society. In the third Ojibwa lifestyle—the pan-traditional stage—the family speaks either English or Ojibwa exclusively; practices a religion that is a combination of Native American and Christian beliefs, such as the Native American Church; and is actively involved in activities of both traditional Native American and white societies.