Define these four acronyms and explain how they affect the transportation planning process: MPO, CLRP, TIP, and STIP. Describe the composition of one of them.
What will be an ideal response?
A Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) is a transportation policymaking
organization made up of representatives from local government and
transportation authorities. For example, the Thomas Jefferson Planning
District Commission generally staffs the Charlottesville-Albemarle MPO.
Serving on the MPO Policy Board are five voting members: two from the
Charlottesville city council, two from the Albemarle County Board of
Supervisors, and one from the Virginia Department of Transportation.
Nonvoting members on the Policy Board include local transit providers
(Jefferson Area United Transportation and Charlottesville Transit Service),
local and regional entities (the Thomas Jefferson Planning District
Commission and the University of Virginia), state agencies (the Virginia
Department of Rail and Public Transportation), and federal agencies (the
Federal Highway Administration, the Federal Aviation Administration, and
the Federal Transit Administration).
MPOs affect the planning process because they are given specific
responsibilities under federal reauthorizations. One of these is to develop and
update the Constrained Long Range Plan (CLRP). This plan has a 20 year
planning horizon and must meet several requirements such as (1) it must
identify the projected demand of persons and goods in the MPO over the
period of the plan and (2) it must identify walkway and bicycle transportation
facilities.
A Transportation Improvement Program (TIP) is a series of projects (four
years out at least) that the MPO approves. The TIP must be financially
constrained, that is, funds must reflect those available. Ideally, the TIP is a
way of allocating limited transportation resources among the various capital
and operating needs of the area. (Under TEA-21 TIPs had a minimum three
year horizon, now under SAFETEA-LU it is four years). Projects must be in
the TIP to receive federal funds. Without the MPOs approval, the project
cannot receive federal funds. Thus if an MPO did not approve a particular
bypass, for example and did not include this project in its TIP, then the project
could not receive federal funds.
The State Transportation Improvement Program (STIP) is a programming
document that includes all projects planned for implementation with the funds
expected from FHWA and FTA for the upcoming three years. The STIP also
includes each MPO’s TIP and all of the projects included in the first (now
four) years of that TIP. Without FHWA approval of the STIP, the project
cannot be funded.
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