When a pretest and posttest are used on all subjects in the experimental and control groups
a. the pretest may influence posttest results.
b. the experimenter knows whether it is reasonable to assume that both groups began at a similar point.
c. there may be interaction between pretest and treatment effects.
d. a and b
e. a, b, and c
E
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Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
Correlational studies measure the degree and nature of the relationship between two or more variables.
Antivirus programs like the one in the accompanying figure also are called ____
a. vaccines b. computer medicine c. virus remedy d. virus fixers
Credibility in qualitative research can be enhanced through techniques designed to demonstrate interpretive adequacy such as
a. member checks. c. reflexivity. b. extended fieldwork. d. All of these are true.
Barbara was telling her friend, Rachel, how much her boss makes her work these days, and how critical he is when he finds even a tiny mistake in what she does. After some thinking, Rachel says, "if I were you, I would tell him that he expects too much. You should talk to him first thing in the morning." Rachel's intention underlying her response is:
a. Advising and evaluating b. Analyzing and interpreting c. Questioning and probing d. Paraphrasing and understanding