In the original work by Maier and Seligman, dogs that displayed the learned helplessness effect received ______ before being trained in an avoidance task.
A. tone–food pairings
B. passive avoidance conditioning
C. tone–shock pairings
D. inescapable shock
D. inescapable shock
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Derek is informed that as part of his fraternity initiation he must sing the school fight song as loudly as he can while standing on the roof of the fraternity house in his underwear. He is then given the choice to await his turn alone or with the girls from the neighboring sorority. Which of the following is most likely?
a. Derek will choose to wait alone in order to achieve cognitive clarity. b. Derek will choose to wait alone as waiting with the sorority members will likely increase his stress. c. Derek will choose to wait with the sorority members in order to reduce his level of stress. d. Derek will choose to wait with the sorority members because they will be able to offer him a differentperspective.
Disorders in which there is a break in consciousness, memory, perception, the sense of identity, or some combination are called _________
a) paraphilias b) anxiety disorders c) somatoform disorders d) dissociative disorders
Both morphine and codeine are analgesics, which means that they
A. activate the central nervous system. B. relieve pain and produce euphoria. C. increase alertness. D. cause delusions and dissociative experiences.
The term fugue means
a. confusion. b. flight. c. a specific movement in music scores. d. a sense of disappointment. e. a splitting of the mind.