________ see delinquency as a result of a lack of opportunity.

A. Mobility theorists
B. Differential association theorists
C. Frustration theorists
D. Strain theorists
E. Adaptation theorists


Answer: D

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Supranational criminology is a specialization of critical theory that focuses on which type of crimes?

A. White-collar crimes B. Environmental crimes C. War crimes D. Predatory street crimes

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Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. The correctional enterprise is primarily about punishment. 2. Penology is the study of the penal code. 3. The practice of brutal punishment and arbitrary legal codes began to wane with the beginning of a period historians call the Enlightenment. 4. The positivist school was founded by Beccaria. 5. Lex Talionis refers to the principle of “an eye for an eye.”

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If a person is placed under arrest, then they forfeit most of their Fourth Amendment rights. This is called search incident to _______________

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

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Which of the following choices is one of the reasons for female delinquency according to Chesney-Lind?

A) As girls run away from abusive homes characterized by sexual abuse and parental neglect, they are forced into the life of an escaped prisoner. B) Crime is the means to gain the respect they have been stripped of by the dominant culture. C) They turn to crime to feel superior to the oppressive gender. D) Girls are innately criminal minded but normally have more controls placed on them than boys.

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