Aside from Freud, who are the other psychoanalytic theorists described in the textbook? In what ways do they differ from Freud?
What will be an ideal response?
Essay should include:
Other psychoanalytic theorists are Jung, Adler, Horney, and Erikson. Carl Jung thought that sex was an important instinct, but did not place as great an emphasis on it as did Freud. He added to Freud's idea of a personal unconscious by suggesting that individuals also possess a collective unconscious. That is, a collection of primitive images, or archetypes, that all of us share. Some of these archetypes are the all-powerful God and the nurturing mother. These archetypes are said to affect our thoughts and feelings. Adler believed that people are motivated by an inferiority complex, not sex as Freud believed. Adler also spoke of a creative self, which strives to develop the person's potential. Horney disagreed with Freud regarding the existence of penis envy in girls. She felt this concept was founded on Western cultural prejudice rather than objective science. She also felt that social relationships carried more weight in development. Erikson also believed in the importance of social relationships and downplayed the role of sex. In fact, he developed a series of psychosocial stages of development. Each stage is named for a certain trait that may be developed during that time period.
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