Define psychoneuroimmunology (PNI). Provide two examples of study findings arising from PNI research
Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is the field of study that seeks to understand the complex communications among the nervous system, the psyche, and the immune system, and their implications for health. The text provides several examples, including:
• PNI research has shown that traumatic stress, such as the death of a loved one, can impair a person's immunity for as long as a year.
• Studies of university students and staff in the United States and Spain have implicated stress and a generally negative outlook in increasing susceptibility to the common cold.
• By inflicting small cuts in volunteers who then were subjected to controlled stressful situations, researchers have shown a significant delay in healing among those who are under stress.
• Among medical students who received a hepatitis B vaccine, antibody and immune cell responses were diminished in subjects with more anxiety, higher stress, and less social support.
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