How do infants process information according to the information-processing approach to cognitive development?
What will be an ideal response?
A good answer would include the following key points:
• Information-processing approaches seek to identify the way the individuals take in, use, and store information.
• According to this approach, the quantitative changes in infants' abilities to organize and manipulate information represent the hallmarks of cognitive growth.
• An infant's cognitive growth is characterized by increasing sophistication and speed in information processing.
• Infants are believed to have memory capabilities from their earliest days, although the accuracy is debated.
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You are walking down a deserted alley late at night, and you hear a sudden noise to your left. The noise activates your thalamus, which in turn alerts both the cortex and the hypothalamus for action. Thus, your body is aroused for flight at the same time you experience the emotion of fear. This set of events is best described by which theory of emotion?
a. the common sense theory b. the James-Lange theory c. attribution theory d. the Cannon-Bard theory
According to the cognitive approach to psychotherapy, psychological problems arise from
A. fixations at particular developmental stages in childhood. B. classical or operant conditioning. C. illogical thoughts or interpretations of events in our lives. D. incongruence between the real self and the ideal self.
Which of the following is not true of the analysis of variance?
a. It has a higher rate of Type I error than the two-sample t-tests. b. It determines whether significant differences exist in an experiment. c. It is used for experiments with two or more sample means. d. It is a parametric procedure.
Which of the following statements is true of the activity of neurons?
a. The nerve impulse fades in strength as it travels through the neuron. b. Transmission of information at synapses occurs by means of direct physical contact between the nerve cells. c. The size and speed of the neural impulse is the same for a particular axon regardless of the strength of the stimulus that sets it off. d. None of the above are true.