Ozone is a form of oxygen in the atmosphere that absorbs a large amount of ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. Without ozone in the atmosphere
a) there would be more plant growth
b) more sunlight would reach Earth
c) there could be damage to plants and algae
d) ozone does not affect Earth
Ans: b) more sunlight would reach Earth
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Indirect development in sea urchins involves the presence of a _________________ stage.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Skin cancers typically develop in the
a. lower layers of the epidermis. b. upper layers of the dermis. c. upper layers of the epidermis. d. lower layers of the dermis. e. subcutaneous layer.
Pre-eclampsia is a pregnancy complication that is often explained as resulting from parent-offspring conflict. What underlies this conflict?
A. The fetus rejects excess resources to assist its siblings. B. The mother wants to provide the fetus with plenty of resources. C. The fetus demands more resources from the mother than would be optimal for her. D. Women gain more fitness (number of descendants) from earlier pregnancies than from later ones. E. Single pregnancies are much more common than multiple pregnancies (i.e., twins).
Why are glycolipids found on the extracellular, but not the cytoplasmic, surface of the plasma membrane?
(a) Plasma membrane flippases transport them from the cytosolic face. (b) The enzymes that produce them are present only on the extracellular surface of the plasma membrane. (c) The enzymes that add the sugar groups are confined to the inside of the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. (d) The oligosaccharides on glycolipids are cleaved off by enzymes found only in the cytosol. (e) They flip spontaneously, after incorporation, due to the hydrophilic sugar head groups.