Many medications list side effects that include dry mouth, constipation, and urinary retention. What kinds of effects are these?
a. Alpha adrenergic
b. Anticholinergic
c. Beta adrenergic
d. Sympathetic
B
Cholinergic stimulation by ACh causes increased salivation, increased gastrointestinal (GI) mo-tility, and relaxation of the bladder trigone and sphincter. Anticholinergic medications inhibit these responses, causing dry mouth, constipation, and urinary retention. Alpha-adrenergic agents effect processes in the sympathetic nervous system, causing peripheral vasoconstriction and pupil dilation, among other effects. The effects of beta-adrenergic medications are seen mostly in the heart and blood vessels. The sympathetic nervous system has both cholinergic and adrenergic transmitters.
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As part of the diagnostic evaluation of a child with cancer, biopsies are important for staging. What statement explains what staging means?
a. Extent of the disease at the time of diagnosis b. Rate normal cells are being replaced by cancer cells c. Biologic characteristics of the tumor or lymph nodes d. Abnormal, unrestricted growth of cancer cells producing organ damage
A 20-year-old woman is at 28 weeks' gestation. Her prenatal history reveals past drug abuse, and urine screening indicates that she has recently used heroin. The nurse should recognize that the woman is at increased risk for which condition?
1. Erythroblastosis fetalis 2. Diabetes mellitus 3. Abruptio placentae 4. Pregnancy-induced hypertension
When conducting an effective educational program, a nurse would use which basic principle? Select all that apply
a. Use a clear, succinct style. b. Use an active voice. c. Refer to Internet sources. d. Use aids to highlight key points.
The nurse is teaching the parents of a toddler-age child about injury prevention. Which statement by the parent indicates the need for further education?
1. "I will turn the handles of the pots outward while I am cooking dinner." 2. "We will make sure that our child always wears a life vest when we are out in the boat." 3. "I will keep all our medications out of reach and ensure child-resistant containers." 4. "We will provide safe climbing toys for our child."