A nurse is caring for a newborn. The nurse knows that the body temperature of infants is prone to fluctuations. Which of these is the most probable cause for fluctuations in the infant's body temperature?
A) Large amount of subcutaneous white adipocytes or fat cells
B) Increased ability to shiver and perspire
C) Ability to independently forestall or reverse heat loss or gain
D) Great surface area relative to mass and very high metabolic rate
D
Feedback:
Newborns and young infants tend to experience temperature fluctuations because they have a three times greater surface area relative to their mass from which heat is lost and a metabolic rate twice that of adults. Infants and older adults have difficulty maintaining normal body temperature because they have limited, not large, amounts of subcutaneous white adipocytes, fat cells that provide heat insulation and cushioning of internal structures. The ability of both young and old to shiver and perspire also may be inadequate, putting them at risk for abnormally low or high body temperatures. Infants and older adults are less able to independently forestall or reverse heat loss or gain than are other clients. However, the main cause for fluctuations in infants' body temperature is because they have a three times greater surface area relative to their mass from which heat is lost and a metabolic rate twice that of adults.
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