A patient tells the nurse that chronic kidney disease is "in his family" and his father died within a few months after having a kidney transplant in the late 1940s
The nurse realizes that which of the following has occurred since this patient's father had a kidney transplant? 1. Surgeons have learned how to suture the new kidney into a patient's body since then.
2. Researchers have developed medications to combat the immunological problems associated with organ transplantation.
3. Researchers have found that organ transplantation is the most successful between family members.
4. The most successful transplants have always been the heart and lungs.
2
Rationale: During the decade between 1950 and 1960, research focused on pharmacologic immunosuppression. In 1960, Imuran was introduced and continues to be a major form of immunosuppression therapy today. Corticosteroids were also introduced as adjunctive therapy. It was in 1912 that the Nobel Prize winner Dr. A. Carrel developed a landmark method of successfully suturing and transplanting blood vessels and organs. In 1937, it was discovered that skin grafting between identical twins could provide permanent graft survival. Transplanting the heart and lungs did not receive the focus of transplantable organs until the 1980s.
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