Research has shown that many adults can think formally about some topics, but display concrete thinking when the topic is unfamiliar. This illustrates that formal operational thought
a. is genetically-programmed.
b. is based on maturation.
c. results more from learning and culture.
d. is more of a right-hemisphere activity.
C
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Studies of response-outcome relations and reinforcement have found that
a. operant behavior is automatically strengthened when it is followed by desirable consequences. b. people actively reason out the relations between responses and the outcomes that follow. c. there are species-specific predispositions to form certain types of associations. d. on concurrent schedules of reinforcement, organisms emit responses that maximize the total number of reinforcers they will receive.
Research supports Erikson’s claim that hope is a vital personality strength in that the data show . . .
a. Having a forward-minded attitude helps reduce stress in the present b. The attitude, “This too shall pass,” can be an effective way of dealing with stress c. Both of the above d. Neither of the above
When experimental results are significant, this means the hypothesis has been
a. experimental; rejected b. alternative; rejected c. null; accepted d. null; rejected
At summer camp, the first time Thad found himself on the list for dishwashing, he protested that guys don't wash dishes, that's for girls. This reflected his particular
A) gender schemas. B) hormonal imbalance. C) dislike for housework. D) talent for avoiding chores.