Assuming a constant rate of breathing, which of the following inspiratory-to-expiratory (I:E) ra-tio would tend to most greatly impair a patient's systemic diastolic pressure?
a. 1:4
b. 1:3
c. 1:2
d. 1:1
ANS: D
The factors of positive-pressure ventilation that may decrease the systemic diastolic pressure are high mean airway pressure, due to a high positive end expiratory pressure, high tidal volume, or long inspiratory time.
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