The innate immune system
A) Is a collection of defenses that is found in all animals, including sponges.
B) Remains ready until it is needed, and responds without specificity to the type of pathogen.
C) Is also referred to as an induced immune system.
D) Can increase the intensity of the immune response when a pathogen is detected a second time.
Answer: B
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In pardoxical sleep an individual is easily aroused from a deep sleep, although the EEG pattern that is observed is consistent with that of an individual in NREM sleep.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
When our inner ears convert sound energy into neural impulses or our retinas convert light into neural impulses,
A. it is consistent with the second law of thermodynamics, but an exception to the first. B. the conversion is consistent with both laws of thermodynamics. C. no heat is generated, and so it is an exception to the first law of thermodynamics. D. it is an exception to both laws of thermodynamics, because no usable energy is lost.
If active transport establishes a concentration gradient with the use of ATP, then the concentration gradient can be looked at as ________
A) potential energy that can be harnessed when molecules passively diffuse down the concentration gradient B) a byproduct of active transport that will be alleviated by pinocytosis C) an unusable byproduct of active transport that will simply diffuse away D) unwanted pressure that will be alleviated by channel mediated facilitated diffusion
Glycolysis and aerobic respiration collectively produce up to ________ ATP per glucose, whereas anaerobic fermentation produces ________.
A. 2; about the same, varying from one tissue to another B. 32; none C. 32; 36 D. 32; 2 E. 36; about the same, varying from one tissue to another