The nurse is performing an abdominal assessment on an infant. The nurse notes that the umbilicus is bulging and has been displaced slightly to the left of midline. The nurse would suspect that the infant has developed which of the following conditions?
1. Infection
2. Umbilical hernia
3. Ventral hernia
4. Hiatal hernia
2
Rationale 1: This is not a sign of an infection.
Rationale 2: This is a normal finding in an infant. A protruding or displaced umbilicus is a normal variation in pregnant females. An umbilical hernia occurs at the umbilicus and allows the intestines or other abdominal structures to protrude through the abdominus rectus muscle and come closer to the skin.
Rationale 3: Ventral hernias occur in previous incisional sites.
Rationale 4: A hiatal hernia is due to a weakening in the diaphragm that allows a portion of the stomach and the esophagus to move into the thoracic cavity. This type of hernia is more commonly found in adults than in children.
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