While explaining immunity to a client, the nurse responds, "The body's internal organs are protected from pathogens because:

Question

A) Our mucosal tissue contains all the necessary cell components to fight a pathogen with an immune response."
B) The tonsils store a large amount of natural killer cells at that location."
C) We have special glands that can secrete cytokines on a moment's notice."
D) The actions of the cytokines in the mouth can act on different cell types at the same time it is fighting pathogens."

Answer 1

Ans: A
Feedback:
Secondary lymphoid tissues contain all the necessary cell components (i.e., T cells, B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells) for an immune response. Because of the continuous stimulation of the lymphocytes in these tissues by microorganisms constantly entering the body, large numbers of plasma cells are evident. Immunity at the mucosal layers helps to exclude many pathogens and thus protects the vulnerable internal organs. Although cells of both the innate and adaptive immune systems communicate critical information by cell-to-cell contact, many interactions and effector responses depend on the secretion of short-acting soluble molecules called cytokines. The actions of cytokines are often pleiotropic and redundant. Pleiotrophism refers to the ability of a cytokine to act on different cell types.