Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)

1. The term hypocotyl refers to the portion of an embryonic stem located below the attachment of the cotyledons.
2. The seed coat often restrains embryos from growing and prevents the entry of water and oxygen to the seed.
3. An understanding of the role of abscisic acid (ABA) could help better understand why some seeds need light in order to germinate.
4. In some plants a fruit is composed of the ovary and other plant parts.


1. TRUE
2. TRUE
3. FALSE
4. TRUE

Biology & Microbiology

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Cichlid fish from Lake Apoyeque, Nicaragua, have begun to develop distinct morphologies that allow them to eat different foods within the same lake. If these fish never fully speciate but continue to produce fit hybrids over a long period of time, what will be the result?


a. reinforcement
b. fusion
c. stability
d. inviability

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Herbivores are tracking phenological changes in their resource in response to climate change

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Biology & Microbiology

Fungi produce gametes by which of the following processes?

A) binary fission B) mitosis C) meiosis D) gene conversion E) cloning

Biology & Microbiology

Which of the following is/are a free-living amoeba that can cause encephalitis?

A) Acanthamoeba B) Naegleria C) Entamoeba D) Naegleria and Acanthamoeba E) Entamoeba and Naegleria

Biology & Microbiology