According to our theory of solar system formation, why do all the planets orbit the Sun in the same direction and in nearly the same plane?
A) The laws of conservation of energy and conservation of angular momentum ensure that any rotating, collapsing cloud will end up as a spinning disk.
B) The original solar nebula happened to be disk-shaped by chance.
C) Any planets that once orbited in the opposite direction or a different plane were ejected from the solar system.
D) Luck explains it, as we would expect that most other solar systems would not have all their planets orbiting in such a pattern.
E) The Sun formed first, and as it grew in size it spread into a disk, rather like the way a ball of dough can be flattened into a pizza by spinning it.
A
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Three flat layers of transparent material are stacked upon one another. The top layer has index of refraction n1, the middle n2, and the bottom one n3 . If n1 > n2 > n3, and a ray of light in air strikes the top layer, at which surface given can total internal reflection occur first?
a. the top surface b. the surface between materials with indices n1 and n2 c. the surface between materials with indices n2 and n3 d. Total internal reflection cannot occur at any of these surfaces.
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a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false
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Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
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Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)