List the reasons for entering the blocked state. For each of these, describe how the program will normally leave the blocked state and enter the runnable state.
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A thread transitions to the blocked state when it attempts to perform a task that can- not be completed immediately and the thread must temporarily wait until that task
completes. For example, when a thread issues an input/output request, the operating
system blocks the thread from executing until that I/O request completes—at that point, the blocked thread transitions to the runnable state, so it can resume execution. A thread also transitions to the blocked state when it attempts to acquire a monitor lock that is not currently available. When the lock becomes available, the thread re- turns to the runnable state and attempts to acquire the lock.
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