In the encoding process of declarative memory:
A. Memories are stabilized via long-term potentiation.
B. Memories can be enhanced by attention or emotional arousal.
C. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex encodes the declarative memory information for storage in the hippocampus.
D. Information is processed into a memory representation in the thalamic relay nuclei.
E. All of the above occur.
ANS: B
Rationale: Declarative memory has three stages: (1) encoding, (2) consolidation, and (3) retrieval. In the encoding process, information is processed into a memory representation. During this process, encoding can be enhanced by paying attention, emotional arousal, or review, or by linking the new information to other information. During consolidation, memories are stabilized via synaptic consolidation through long-term potentiation and systems consolidation in the medial temporal lobe. In retrieval, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex generates cues to search for encoded and consolidated memories.
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