The view that decision-maker expectations are based on actual outcomes observed during the recent past is called the:
a. rational expectations hypothesis.
b. adaptive expectations hypothesis.
c. permanent income theory.
d. recognition lag.
b
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The figure above shows the costs and demand curves for the Bigshow Cable Company. Bigshow Cable Company incurs an economic loss if the regulator set its price at
A) $8. B) $6. C) $4. D) None of the above prices force Bigshow to incur an economic loss.
Suppose that the EPA has proposed strict controls on the amount of sulfur that diesel fuel contains. These controls were designed to fully offset the cost of pollution generated by diesel fuel vehicles. The effect of the regulation is estimated to increase the equilibrium price of a gallon of diesel fuel by 10 cents. Assuming that the supply of diesel fuel has a positive slope and demand has a negative slope, one can infer that the EPA determined that:
A. the external cost of using diesel fuel is greater than 10 cents. B. the external cost of using diesel fuel is less than 10 cents. C. the external benefit of using diesel fuel is less than 10 cents. D. the external cost of using diesel fuel is equal to 10 cents.
An exchange rate regime in which the government may change the fixed rate in the face of a significant disequilibrium in the country's international position is called a(n)
A. managed float. B. adjustable peg. C. crawling pegged exchange rate. D. currency board.
Economics involves marginal analysis because:
A. most decisions involve changes from the present situation. B. marginal benefits always exceed marginal costs. C. marginal costs always exceed marginal benefits. D. much economic behavior is irrational.