A client diagnosed with severe arthritis tells the nurse that she always has some degree of pain. Which of the following could explain this client's poor pain management? (Select all that apply.)

1. Client does not appear to be in pain.
2. Client does not report pain.
3. Client cannot afford pain medication.
4. Client is fearful of becoming addicted to pain medication.
5. Client believes pain medication means the condition is worse.
6. Client has a high pain tolerance.


1, 2, 4, 5
Barriers to pain assessment and management include that the client is not demonstrating overt signs of pain, and therefore she does not need pain medication; the client does not report pain, so therefore she does not need pain medication; the client is fearful of becoming addicted to pain medication; and the client believes pain medication means the condition is worse. The fact that the client is unable to afford pain medication and is having a high pain tolerance are not identified barriers to pain assessment and management.

Nursing

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The patient is complaining of increasing pain several hours after a cast was applied for a severe lower leg injury. What actions should the nurse implement after giving additional pain medica-tion with no relief?

a. Call the physician and order a cast saw to the bedside. b. Elevate the leg as high as possible and put ice on the cast. c. Administer half of a dose of additional pain medication and check vital signs. d. Try to distract the patient and have nurs-ing assistive personnel (NAP) stay with him or her.

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A nurse is teaching a group of healthy adults about the benefits of flu immunizations. Which purpose of patient education is the nurse fulfilling?

a. Restoration of health b. Coping with impaired functions c. Promotion of health and illness prevention d. Health analogies

Nursing

The client has been ordered to be treated with Sectral. The nurse anticipates that the client will experience an increase in which laboratory value?

a. Calcium b. Potassium c. Magnesium d. Glucose

Nursing