A patient is admitted with signs of chronic renal failure. Which finding would alert the nurse to possible metabolic acidosis?
1. Kussmaul's respirations
2. Low urine output
3. Muscle cramps
4. Diarrhea
1
Rationale 1: As renal failure progresses, hydrogen-ion excretion and buffer production are impaired, leading to metabolic acidosis. Respiratory rate and depth increase, as with Kussmaul's respirations, to compensate.
Rationale 2: Low urine output is often associated with chronic renal failure, but another finding would be the clearest indication of metabolic acidosis.
Rationale 3: Muscle cramps are often associated with chronic renal failure, but another finding would be the clearest indication of metabolic acidosis.
Rationale 4: Diarrhea is often associated with chronic renal failure, but another finding would be the clearest indication of metabolic acidosis.
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