Define the terms normalization and General Education Initiative. How are these two terms related?
What will be an ideal response?
Answer:
• Normalization: the principle espoused by Wolfensberger that accommodations and services for people with disabilities should be provided in ways that are as close as possible to the norms and patterns of mainstream society; supports the use of culturally normative means to serve the needs of persons with disabilities
• General Education Initiative (GEI): the philosophy that evolved from Will's "shared responsibility" article, stating that all learners should be placed in general education classrooms, with any needed special education services delivered in that setting; a merging of general and special education into a unified system
• The terms normalization and General Education Initiative both relate to the context in which services are provided. Based on the thinking embodied in the principle of normalization, the GEI holds that the normalized setting of the general education classroom is the best place for services to be provided, that services in this normalized setting will be most effective.
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Describe the concept of phonological awareness
What will be an ideal response?
Mrs. Hernandez wants to help her fourth grade students improve their performance and increase their self-efficacy for conveying emotion in their personal narrative writing. With this goal in mind, she is most likely to:
a. set long-term goals for judging progress b. give rewards for being engaged in the process c. set short-term goals related to the task d. integrate the task with other writing skills
Impediments to independent living and feeling comfortable in society for people who are blind or who have low vision include all of the following EXCEPT
A) paternalistic attitudes. B) The sighted often take for granted daily living skills because they seem so easy to do. C) The sighted often view those who are blind as helpless. D) cognitive deficits.
Because research suggests that students learn many words incidentally, teachers at the Cresco Elementary School have wisely decided to:
a) increase independent reading opportunities and provide direct vocabulary instruction b) encourage students to express themselves in writing rather than speech c) remove direct vocabulary instruction from the daily schedule d) allow students to use cell phones during instructional periods