The nurse is caring for a client who has renal failure. Which of the following is a characteristic of this disease?
A) Waste products are removed from the blood into the kidneys.
B) Azotemia occurs and potassium is retained in the blood.
C) The phases of renal failure are always characterized by overproduction of urine.
D) Abnormal levels of potassium, calcium, and phosphate are found in the blood.
D
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In renal failure, abnormal levels of potassium, calcium, and phosphate are found in the blood. Also, the kidneys become unable to remove waste products from the blood and body cells and excrete them in the urine. This toxic condition is associated with renal insufficiency and retention of nitrogenous substances in the blood (azotemia). The phases of renal failure may be characterized by oliguria (lack of urine) or diuresis (increased urine), or they may fluctuate, depending on the cause.
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