A client arrives in the Emergency Department with severe chest pain. What is the best explanation by the nurse to differentiate angina from a myocardial infarction?
1. "Angina usually goes away with rest, and is rarely fatal, but a myocardial infarction requires immediate treatment, and can be life-threatening."
2. "There is no way to tell the difference between the two. You will be treated for a myocardial infarction."
3. "Both are caused by a clot blocking the coronary arteries. Angina occurs if a small vessel is blocked, and a myocardial infarction occurs if a large vessel is blocked."
4. "Angina does not cause severe chest pain, but a myocardial infarction always causes severe chest pain."
Correct Answer: 1
Rationale 1: Angina usually goes away with rest, and is rarely fatal, but a myocardial infarction requires immediate treatment, and can be life-threatening.
Rationale 2: "There is no way to tell the difference between the two. You will be treated for a myocardial infarction" is incorrect because ECG monitoring and blood levels can show an MI.
Rationale 3: "Both are caused by a clot blocking the coronary arteries. Angina occurs if a small vessel is blocked, and a myocardial infarction occurs if a large vessel is blocked" is incorrect because the primary cause of MI is advanced coronary artery disease. Plaque buildup can severely narrow one or more branches of the coronary arteries. Pieces of plaque can break off and lodge in a small vessel that serves a portion of the myocardium. Deprived of its oxygen supply, the affected area of the myocardium becomes ischemic, and cardiac muscle cells begin to die unless the blood supply is quickly restored.
Rationale 4: "Angina does not cause severe chest pain, but a myocardial infarction always causes severe chest pain" is incorrect because both can cause severe chest pain. An MI does not always cause severe chest pain.
Global Rationale: Angina usually goes away with rest, and is rarely fatal, but a myocardial infarction requires immediate treatment, and can be life-threatening. "There is no way to tell the difference between the two. You will be treated for a myocardial infarction" is incorrect because ECG monitoring and blood levels can show a MI. "Both are caused by a clot blocking the coronary arteries. Angina occurs if a small vessel is blocked, and a myocardial infarction occurs if a large vessel is blocked" is incorrect because the primary cause of MI is advanced coronary artery disease. Plaque buildup can severely narrow one or more branches of the coronary arteries. Pieces of plaque can break off and lodge in a small vessel that serves a portion of the myocardium. Deprived of its oxygen supply, the affected area of the myocardium becomes ischemic, and cardiac muscle cells begin to die unless the blood supply is quickly restored. "Angina does not cause severe chest pain, but a myocardial infarction always causes severe chest pain" is incorrect because both can cause severe chest pain. A MI does not always cause severe chest pain.
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