A client with an anxiety disorder is exhibiting agitation after missing some doses of diazepam (Valium). The nurse interprets the aggression as relating to which cause?
A) Habituation
B) Paradoxical excitation
C) Addiction
D) Tolerance
Ans: B
A rebound phenomenon, referred to as paradoxical excitation, may occur after the abrupt discontinuation of benzodiazepines. The client may become more anxious, exhibit aggressive or antisocial behavior, or experience withdrawal symptoms of confusion, toxic psychosis, convulsions, or a condition resembling delirium tremens. Habituation is a term used to describe a continuous or intermittent craving for a substance to avoid a dysphoric or unpleasant mood state. Addiction is a state of chronic or recurrent drug intoxication, characterized by psychological and physical dependence as well as tolerance. Tolerance refers to the client's ability to obtain a desired effect from a specific dose of a drug.
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