Compare and contrast Erikson's concept of ego psychology with Freud's psychoanalytic theory.
What will be an ideal response?
A. In general terms, Erikson made three additions to Freudian theory: (1) he extended Freud's infantile developmental stages into adolescence, adulthood, and old age; (2) he placed more emphasis on both social and historical influences in contrast with Freud's mostly biological viewpoint; and (3) he emphasized the ego over the id.
B. Erikson saw the ego as being capable of adapting to changes throughout the life cycle. He also identified three aspects of the ego: (1) the body ego, (2) the ego ideal, and (3) ego identity.
C. An individual's cultural background has a strong influence on how the ego will develop. Some societies tend to produce generous people (the Sioux nation) and others produce hoarders (the Yurok tribe).
D. The ego grows in stages according to the epigenetic principle; that is, each step of ego growth implies future growth and rests on previous development.
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