Which manifestations would the nurse expect to assess in the patient with a type IV paraesophageal hernia?
A) Dyspnea, reduced exercise tolerance, bowels sounds heard at left lung base
B) Occasional heartburn, sour taste in throat, reduced exercise tolerance
C) Sour taste in throat, dyspnea, halitosis
D) Halitosis, epigastric pain, burning in throat
A) Dyspnea, reduced exercise tolerance, bowels sounds heard at left lung base
Explanation: A) With type IV paraesophageal hernias, the fundus as well as other abdominal structures, such as the omentum, colon, or small bowel herniate through the diaphragmatic hiatus. Patients may experience dyspnea, reduced exercise tolerance, and possible syncope. Bowel sounds may be audible at the left lung base.
B) With type IV paraesophageal hernias, the fundus as well as other abdominal structures, such as the omentum, colon, or small bowel herniate through the diaphragmatic hiatus. Patients may experience dyspnea, reduced exercise tolerance, and possible syncope. Bowel sounds may be audible at the left lung base.
C) With type IV paraesophageal hernias, the fundus as well as other abdominal structures, such as the omentum, colon, or small bowel herniate through the diaphragmatic hiatus. Patients may experience dyspnea, reduced exercise tolerance, and possible syncope. Bowel sounds may be audible at the left lung base.
D) With type IV paraesophageal hernias, the fundus as well as other abdominal structures, such as the omentum, colon, or small bowel herniate through the diaphragmatic hiatus. Patients may experience dyspnea, reduced exercise tolerance, and possible syncope. Bowel sounds may be audible at the left lung base.
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