Discuss a few indicators of renal failure.
What will be an ideal response?
For adequate removal of body wastes, urine output must be above 400 mL in a 24-hour period. Decreased urine output is an early sign of renal insufficiency or failure. This condition is called oliguria and is defined as urine output less than 400 mL in 24 hours (or less than 160 mL in 8 hours). Other early signs of renal failure include elevation of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, products of nitrogen metabolism. The kidney is responsible for eliminating these nitrogenous wastes to prevent toxic accumulation in the body; thus an increase in serum levels of BUN and creatinine indicates compromised renal function.
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Anticoagulation may be of benefit for treatment of
a. Acute ischemic stroke b. Acute hemorrhagic stroke c. Arteriovenous malformations d. Saccular aneurysms
Some medications can currently be delivered on an implanted ________.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Under a discounted fee-for-service arrangement, covered services are compensated at a:
A) discounted per-diem rate. B) per-member-per-month rate. C) reduced percentage of usual and customary charges. D) reduced per-case rate.
Which of the following is not considered a "New Morbidity"?
a. Emotional disorders b. Drug and alcohol abuse c. Neighborhood violence d. Childhood leukemia