Why is positive reinforcement more effective than punishment?
What will be an ideal response?
A good answer would include the following key points:
- Positive reinforcement focuses on what a person (or animal) is doing well, instead of what she or he is not doing well. This is especially true with children, as it is easier to continue doing a desired behavior than it is to learn to behave differently.
- Reinforcing a desired behavior has the effect of strengthening that behavior.
- Punishing an undesired behavior stops that behavior in the short term but provides little information about what the desired behavior should be.
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Deon, a high school sophomore, sometimes struggles to stay awake during class. Yet he is wide awake at night as the rest of his family is getting ready for bed. Describe the biological, behavioral, and social or experiential factors involved in the sleep-wake shift for adolescents like Deon.
What will be an ideal response?
A study is considered a(n) ______ design because all the participants will complete the same task in two different environments.
A. within-subjects B. between-subjects C. within-groups D. between-groups
According to social cognitive theory, what are the three interactive factors that play a critical role in shaping our personality?
a. id, ego, and superego b. cognitive-personal factors, behaviors, and environmental factors c. unresolved desires, dreams, and self-actualization drives d. unconditional positive regard, conditional positive regard, and traits
Matilda is seventy years old and in good health, with no signs of dementia or Alzheimer's disease. Matilda is most likely to experience some difficulties remembering
A. the name of her next-door neighbor. B. what she had for lunch yesterday. C. her phone number. D. the recipe for her famous homemade brownies.