What is the basis of the theory of learned optimism?
A. When a route is blocked, people find alternate pathways to their goals.
B. People make attributions or explanations about the things that happen to them.
C. Optimism is the belief that good rather than bad things will happen.
D. People succeed when they believe in their capabilities to produce desired effects.
Ans: A
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Which of the following is a risk associated with misdiagnosing children with bipolar disorder, when in fact they have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
A. Medications for bipolar disorder are very potent and have serious side effects. B. ADHD is more impairing than bipolar disorder, so one would be ignoring the real problem. C. Insurance companies don't recognize childhood bipolar disorder and will not reimburse treatment for it. D. There are no major risks, as the two disorders are so similar that treatments are essentially the same.
Which theories of aging argue that the body's constant manufacturing of energy creates byproducts that combine with various toxins and eventually reach such high levels that they impair the body's ability to function normally?
a) Life expectancy theories b) Genetic programming theories of aging c) Wear and tear theories d) Inevitable death theories
Some people are more likely to express prejudice and use stereotypes than others. Describe three personal factors that influence the tendency to express prejudice. To which goal is each of these factors related?
What will be an ideal response?
In order for later adolescents to be successful in achieving autonomy,
A. secure attachments must be dissolved. B. there must be a context of mutual caring, emotional support, and differentiation in the family. C. they must feel that parents do not accept their need to have their opinions and views. D. they must sense that their parents are no longer committed to their well-being.