Participant observation is a data collection strategy used in almost all of which of the following?
A) Ethnographic studies
B) Case studies
C) Phenomenological studies
D) Descriptive qualitative studies
A
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Ethnography focuses on the culture of a group of people and relies on extensive field work that usually includes participant observation and in-depth interviews with key informants. Case studies are intensive investigations of a single entity or a small number of entities, such as individuals, groups, families, or communities. Phenomenologists seek to discover the essence and meaning of a phenomenon as it is experienced by people, mainly through in-depth interviews with people who have had the relevant experience. Descriptive qualitative studies are not embedded in a disciplinary tradition. Such studies may be referred to as qualitative studies, naturalistic inquiries, or as qualitative content analyses.
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