Beneficence is an ethical principle listed in the Belmont Report that states that ______.
A. it is the researcher's responsibility to minimize the potential risks and maximize the potential benefits associated with conducting a research study
B. participants in a research study must be autonomous agents capable of making informed decisions concerning whether to participate in research
C. the potential for an individual to participate in a research study is to be determined solely by the researcher
D. participants in a research study are not allowed to discontinue participation in order to keep the fidelity of the study
Answer: A
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Ricardo and Luis are out walking. Luis says, "Hey, I've got a pebble in my shoe," and proceeds to take off his shoe and to remove the pebble. "That feels better," says Luis. Ricardo believes that Luis' behavior of removing the pebble is a(n) ____ because it increases the chance that Luis will repeat the behavior if another pebble gets in his shoe.
A. positive punisher B. positive reinforcer C. negative reinforcer D. negative punisher
Kohlberg proposed that stages of moral reasoning a. do not predict moral behavior
b. form an invariant sequence. c. predict one's general level of intelligence. d. vary greatly from culture to culture.
When age differences exist among children, older children tend to
a. assert more power in relationships. b. express feelings of dependency or embarrassment. c. behave very differently than older siblings. d. act similarly as when peers share age equality.
__________-behavioral therapy is based on the idea that faulty or irrational thinking leads to psychological problems, which in turn lead to unhealthy or irrational behaviors
a. Cognitive b. Integrative c. Humanistic d. Rational