Identify two assumptions of the traditional stages model, and explain why these assumptions may not be accurate.
What will be an ideal response?
The conventional stages model tends to assume (1) that the stages discussed come in the order laid out in the model and (2) that the process is taking place anew, with relatively little concern for the past. In reality, both of those implicit assumptions tend to be incorrect. First, the order implied in this process may be less linear that it seems. For example, the process of implementation often involves policy formulation because the administrative decisions needed to make programs work in essence transform the policy. Likewise, important policy issues often arise when other programs are being budgeted, and it becomes clear that for a program to work, other programs will need to be changed or perhaps given additional resources.
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According to the workbook, problems concerning the distribution of land, the distribution of wealth, guerrilla warfare, and military dictatorship all contributed to
a. economic growth. b. an agricultural economy. c. human rights abuses. d. anti-American feelings.
Which of the following undermines the Westphalian system?
a. The independence of state action b. The absence of a supranational ruling institution c. The influence of transnational nonstate actors d. The ability of states to act as they please
In which year was the Texas Ethics Commission initially created?
a. 1991 b. 1947 c. 1973 d. 1981 e. 2003
What do critics of the living-constitution theory contend?
A) It reduces constitutional interpretation to the judge's personal understanding of the meaning of American history. B) The Constitution is a short document that left many issues undecided and used ambiguous language in order to win ratification, making a literal reading difficult. C) Many issues upon which the courts must render decisions were never contemplated by those who wrote the Constitution. D) Very few issues of constitutionality are as simple as the readers of the living-constitution theory make them out to be. E) Judges are often too partisan to interpret the constitution in any other way but its original intent.