When it can be concluded that the independent variable alone brought about the observed changes in the dependent variable, a study can be said to be

A) generally valid.
B) externally valid.
C) internally valid.
D) statistically valid.


Answer: C

Political Science

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Which are the three most commonly utilized criteria for evaluating policy proposals? Define each of these three criteria and give an example of a policy proposal (real or fictitious) in which it could be used.

What will be an ideal response?

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The growth of transfer functions emphasizes that different kinds of governmental programs require what kind of administrative approaches?

a. rigorous b. different c. the same d. overlapping

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What legislation would most likely be undesirable to a Blue Dog Democrat?

a. decreased defense spending b. ending Saturday mail delivery c. legalization of gay marriage d. nationalized public health care

Political Science

Which of the following is NOT a difference between the United States Supreme Court and the Japanese court?

a. The U.S. Supreme Court is appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate, while the Japanese court is selected by the cabinet from lists submitted by the court. b. The U.S. Supreme Court justices have jobs for life, but new members of the Japanese court must be confirmed by a popular vote at the next general election and again after ten years of service. c. The U.S. Supreme Court exercises its power of judicial review frequently and has involved itself in many controversial issues, while the Japanese court tends to avoid using its power of judicial review and becoming involved in controversial issues. d. The U.S. Supreme Court is separate from the executive branch, while the Japanese court is a part the executive branch.

Political Science