One of the most popular forms of good works in Catholic Europe was the purchase of indulgences, which Catholics considered to be a

a. means of reducing the dependency of the papacy on bankers like the Fuggers.
b. method of avoiding the embarrassment and expense of confessing one’s sins and doing penance.
c. penitential act of repentance and restitution for sins that also reduced a sinner’s punishment in Purgatory.
d. cynical ploy on the part of the papacy and its client to extract money from the faithful.


c. penitential act of repentance and restitution for sins that also reduced a sinner’s punishment in Purgatory.

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