How does base excision repair differ from nucleotide excision repair?
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: The major difference in the two types of excision repair is that in base excision repair there are glycosylases and lyases that recognize and remove damaged or mismatched bases as the first step. An endonuclease then removes a portion of the damaged DNA strand. In nucleotide excision repair, endonuclease activity is the first step in the process.
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Which statement best describes what ultimately happens to the chemical energy that is not converted to new biomass in the process of energy transfer between trophic levels in an ecosystem?
A) It is undigested and winds up in the feces and is not passed on to higher trophic levels. B) It is used by organisms to maintain their life processes through the reactions of cellular respiration. C) Heat produced by cellular respiration is used by heterotrophs for thermoregulation. D) It is eliminated as feces or is dissipated into space as heat, consistent with the second law of thermodynamics. E) It is recycled by decomposers to smaller and smaller forms until it finally breaks down to form soil.
Before vaccines became available, infections by the bacterium Clostridium ________ often resulted in skeletal muscles spasms and paralysis of respiratory and cardiac muscle
a. perfringens b. difficile c. botulinum d. tetani
When genotypes at one locus of a chromosome are nonrandomly associated with the genotypes at another locus of the same chromosome, the two loci are ________
A) in linkage equilibrium B) in linkage disequilibrium C) nonrandomly associated D) None of the above.
Plasmodium species reproduce sexually in
A) birds. B) Aedes mosquitoes. C) Ixodes ticks. D) humans. E) Anopheles mosquitoes.