Why might nonparametric statistical methods be used for analysis?
a. The level of measurement of the variables is nominal.
b. The researcher prefers to use these statistical tests.
c. The null hypothesis is absent.
d. The sample is small or lacks a normal distribution.
ANS: A, D
The most commonly used type of statistical analysis is parametric statistics. The analysis is referred to as parametric statistical analysis because the findings are inferred to the parameters of a normally distributed population. These approaches to analysis require meeting the following three assumptions before they can justifiably be used: (1) normal distribution and variance can be calculated, (2) level of measurement at least interval, or ordinal with an approximately normal distribution, and (3) data that can be treated as a random sample. Nonparametric statistical analysis, or distribution-free techniques, can be used in studies that do not meet the first two assumptions of normal distribution and at least interval level data.
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