Which of the following are appropriate orders before an elective fiberoptic bronchoscopy proce-dure scheduled for the next morning?
1. Have patient take nothing by mouth (NPO) after midnight.
2. Establish vascular access.
3. Premedicate with a benzodiazepine.
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: D
To reduce the risk of aspiration due to gagging and loss of airway reflexes, the patient should refrain from food or drink for at least 8 hr prior to the start of the procedure. In addition, if the intravenous route is not already available, vascular access should be obtained prior to the start of the procedure. Bronchoscopy is an uncomfortable procedure. To decrease anxiety, the patient should be premedicated 30 to 45 min before the procedure.
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