The FBI sends National Security Letters to telephone companies, Internet Service Providers (ISPs), consumer credit reporting agencies, banks, and other financial institutions, which direct these recipients to turn over what?
a. external communications
b. interoffice memos
c. accounting records
d. metadata
d
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How does a case arrive at the U.S. Supreme Court?
What will be an ideal response?
Problem officers are hard to detect within a department
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
According to Sutherland's theory of differential association, an individual is more likely to mimic criminal behavior if he or she:
A. exhibits traits of misconduct at a young age.
B. rationally chooses a life of crime.
C. is exposed to dominant values that favor criminal behavior.
D. is genetically predisposed to antisocial, deviant behavior.
In Vernonia School District v. Acton (1995), SCOTUS found that random (without individualized suspicion) drug testing of: a. students participating in athletic programs was unreasonable
b. student athletes must be consensual in order to comply with the Fourth Amendment. c. all students voluntarily participating in the school district's athletic programs was reasonable. d. is not a Fourth Amendment issue.