Briefly discuss the relationship between plate tectonics, volcanic activity, earthquakes and tsunamis
What will be an ideal response?
The earth's crust and mantle are not completely solid and stationary. Heat from the core melts the overlying mantle rocks to produce magma or lava. Like all fluids the mantle moves is slow convective currents as hot rock rises, cools and sinks back toward the core to be heated again. The semi-fluid upper mantle moves against the outer crust producing movements called plate tectonics. Where plates collide and one dives under another (subduction), diverge and spread apart (rift valleys) or slide past one another, the movements can cause shock waves that we feel as earthquakes. Or, crust movements in faults may expose the underlying liquid mantle which erupts upwards causing a volcano. When earthquakes and volcanic activity occur under the ocean, there may a sudden displacement of enormous amounts of sea water. The force of the displacement may travel hundreds or thousands of kilometers until it reaches a shoreline and produces a tsunami. It was an underwater earthquake that caused the devastating tsunami that struck northern Japan in April, 2011.
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Compare and contrast pluvial and proglacial lakes. What will be an ideal response?
In the process of lithification, sediments ____
A) are subducted into the mantle at a deep trench B) are converted into solid rock C) slip into the center of the mid-ocean ridges and become new seafloor D) are uplifted to form the edges of continents
When teaching about igneous rocks, one trick instructors often implement to help students determine the igneous composition of the samples is to use the color of the rocks as a guide
Explain how the color of an igneous rock can often be used as an indicator of its igneous composition. Be sure to reference specific minerals for each composition. What will be an ideal response?
The _______________ is used as the starting point for measuring latitude
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word