Explain the three-part model developed by Stephen Toulmin.

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

Stephen Toulmin developed a three-part model to explain logos-based arguments that has stood the test of time. A solid logos argument consists of a claim, support, and warrant.
The claim (C) is the conclusion a speaker wants an audience to agree with. For example, a speaker might claim:"Jim’s car needs a tune-up." The support (S) is the evidence offered as grounds for accepting/agreeing with the claim. You can support a claim with facts, opinions, experiences, and observations. The warrant (W) is the reasoning process that connects the support to the claim. Sometimes the warrant is verbalized and sometimes it is implied.
You can connect your supporting evidence to the claim using one of two different types of reasoning warrants: inductive or deductive. Inductive reasoning is arriving at a general conclusion based on several pieces of specific evidence. When we reason inductively, how much our audience agrees with our conclusion depends on the number, quality, and typicality of each piece of evidence we offer.
Deductive reasoning is arguing that if something is true for everything in a certain class (major premise), and a specific instance is part of that class (minor premise), then one must conclude that what is true for all members of the class must be true in the specific instance (claim). This three-part form of deductive reasoning is called syllogism.