In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court establish that parole revocation and, by implication, probation revocation is to be a two-stage process? In the first stage, there must be an informal, preliminary inquiry to establish probable cause that a violation has occurred. In the second stage (assuming that probable cause is established in the first stage), there must be a formal court hearing to determine if the violation warrants revocation.
A. Morrissey v. Brewer
B. Mempa v. Rhay
C. Gagnon v. Scarpelli
D. Griffin v. Wisconsin
Answer: A
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