The average mutation rate for DNA replication is 1 mutation for every 10 billion (10,000,000,000 ) nucleotides of DNA replicated. Yet DNA polymerase makes a mistake during replication at an average of 1 in 100,000 nucleotides. What does this say about
DNA replication?
A) The base-pairing rules (A pairs with T and G pairs with C) prevent any mutations.
B) Cells are extraordinarily proficient at repairing errors made during DNA replication.
C) Most errors in DNA replication become mutations.
D) Cells recognize that a small fraction of mutations are beneficial to organisms and do not repair those.
Answer: B
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A) ribs B) palatine bones C) intervertebral disks D) intravertebral disks E) osteons
A key innovation that helped sporophyte-dominant plants survive in high, dry environments is ____.
A. flagellated sperm B. the cuticle C. xylem D. phloem E. lignin