What are ecological and individualist fallacies and what can be done to help prevent them? What are the pitfalls of making these errors when conducting and analyzing research?
What will be an ideal response?
A strong answer will include the following definitions:
a. Ecological fallacy: an error in logic where a researcher applies conclusions based upon a group or organization to an individual. This fallacy assumes all individuals in a collective are characterized by the larger collective’s average characteristic
b. Individualist fallacy: a reasoning error that occurs when a researcher applies conclusions based upon research using an individual unit of analysis to a group or organization
c. These fallacies can be prevented if researchers do not apply findings focused on one unit of analysis to a different unit of analysis
d. Extrapolate what the consequences of making these fallacies would be, and the impact on any proposed research
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Phoenix, Arizona's presiding juvenile court judge said that the state's new plan reflected a philosophy that ___________________________
a. Get tough does not work b. Youth are more violent c. Punishment is the only thing that changes human behavior d. Juvenile crime is seriously increasing
Radical–critical criminology has been criticized for its nearly exclusive emphasis on theory over methods of social change
a. True b. False
Mala in se crimes are:
A. not universally accepted as being wrong. B. victimless. C. behaviors that are morally wrong. D. wrong because the law says they are wrong.
Compare the four major forms of criminal sanctions that are most commonly used within our correctional system, and discuss the pros and cons of each?
What will be an ideal response?