Classification of bacteria by their response to Gram stain includes:
1. rods, spirals, and spheres.
2. aerobic and anaerobic.
3. fungi and viruses.
4. gram-positive and gram-negative.
Correct Answer: 4
Rationale 1: Bacteria classified according to shape include rods, spirals, and spheres.
Rationale 2: Bacteria classified according to their ability to use oxygen are aerobic or anaerobic.
Rationale 3: Fungi and viruses are not classifications of bacteria.
Rationale 4: Bacteria are classified as gram-positive or gram-negative by their ability or inability to respond to a violet color after staining.
Global Rationale: One of the simplest methods of classifying microbes is to examine them microscopically after a crystal violet Gram stain has been applied to the microbes. Some bacteria contain a thick cell wall composed of peptidoglycan and retain the violet color after staining. These bacteria are called gram positive and include Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus. Bacteria that have thinner cell walls will lose the violet stain and are called gram negative. Examples of gram-negative bacteria include Bacteroides, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, and Salmonella.
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